I have seen that happening to plastic pipes on flow from oil boilers where the oil boiler was overheating.
Yours is happening always on flow pipe, which points to overheat.
The barrier pipe has 2 walls and breaks down (basically melts) when overheated, goes paper thin and splits.
I don't know if it is possible a gas boiler could also overheat, but I guess it could.
Is the heat in the pipes from the gas boiler extremely hot?
The red expansion vessel (EV) is for your heating system and should be connected where it cannot be isolated from gas boiler. The vessel needs serviced each year to check it has correct air charge, but the PRV on it is supposed to keep heating system limit to 3 bar max should the EV fail. If it was a over pressure problem that would mean both the PRV and the red vessel are faulty. Personally I would also have a PRV off pipework close to boiler as good practice.
Even if your PRV and red vessel were non functioning, it normally wouldn't cause your heating system to run with extreme pressure, but I would check the filling loop isn't passing mains water through into system and raising it to very high pressure.
The hot water unvented unit and its valves are irrelevant if it is definitely a heating system flow pipe bursting, as they are to do with mains hot water - the red vessel with its PRV, filling loop and gauge are the heating parts to have checked.