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booster
A booster dose is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier (primer) dose. After initial immunization, a booster provides a re-exposure to the immunizing antigen. It is intended to increase immunity against that antigen back to protective levels after memory against that antigen has declined through time. For example, tetanus shot boosters are often recommended every 10 years, by which point memory cells specific against tetanus lose their function or undergo apoptosis.The need for a booster dose following a primary vaccination is evaluated in several ways. One way is to measure the level of antibodies specific against a disease a few years after the primary dose is given. Anamnestic response, the rapid production of antibodies after a stimulus of an antigen, is a typical way to measure the need for a booster dose of a certain vaccine. If the anamnestic response is high after receiving a primary vaccine many years ago, there is most likely little to no need for a booster dose. People can also measure the active B and T cell activity against that antigen after a certain amount of time that the primary vaccine was administered or determine the prevalence of the disease in vaccinated populations.If a patient receives a booster dose but already has a high level of antibody, then a reaction called an Arthus reaction could develop, a localized form of Type III hypersensitivity induced by high levels of IgG antibodies causing inflammation. The inflammation is often self-resolved over the course of a few days but could be avoided altogether by increasing the length of time between the primary vaccine and the booster dose.It is not yet fully clear why some vaccines such as hepatitis A and B are effective for life, and some such as tetanus need boosters. The prevailing theory is that if the immune system responds to a primary vaccine rapidly, the body does not have time to sufficiently develop immunological memory against the disease, and memory cells will not persist in high numbers for the lifetime of the human. After a primary response of the immune system against a vaccination, memory T helper cells and B cells persist at a fairly constant level in germinal centers, undergoing cell division at a slow to nonexistent rate. While these cells are long-lived, they do not typically undergo mitosis, and eventually, the rate of loss of these cells will be greater than the rate of gain. In these cases, a booster dose is required to "boost" the memory B and T cell count back up again.
Hi thier, I fiited a grundfos booster today to the mains supply to a top floor high rised flat 13th floor, And yes i did have Approval to fit it,
The pump works fine when you use the cold sink tap and cold basin tap, The problem is the shower does not start the pump when you turn it on, The...
I have 5 of these for sale if anybody would like to buy one.
£60 del
Also have 5 of the spiro traps at £40 del.
Pm me if you are interested.
http://www.cheapcentralheating.co.uk/magnabooster-magnabooster2-how-does-it-work.html
Let me start by saying I am no plumber. A competent DIYer but not a plumber so thought I would ask the experts.
I have fitted a new bath, basin and taps this weekend. The hot water pressure was poor prior to fitting and I suspected fitting new 1/4 turn taps would not help the situation and I...
jamin008
Thread
booster
cylinder
flange
grundfos
hot
hot water
hot water pressure
pressure
pump
water
water pressure
I need to purchase a packaged water booster packaged set i.e 200-250 litre tank, pump and controls to boost my mains water supply so I can run at two showwers at say 6 litres per minute at 1.5 bar. I have seem a set offerred from Pump Express (ref PED 26) but it retails at £1157.37 incl VAT &...
RogerH
Thread
accumulator
booster
pressure
required
roman
trebuchet
water
water pressure
Hi,
Tomorrow I am going to install my new pump to give the hot water a little boost. It is going in the hot water outlet from the vented hot water cylinder. This is a vertical pipe with the water flowing down.
To get the direction right I would need to install the pump 'upside down' with...
bob_the_plumber
Thread
booster
controls
cylinder
grundfos
home
hot
hot water
hot water cylinder
install
installing
manual
pipe
pump
switch
upside
valves
vertical
water
Hi
My customer have a Techflow positive head booster pump for few years and it use to work fine. Something went wrong with the pump and it is running all the time even when all the taps a turned off! What is the cause for the fault and can it be repaired?
Thanks
Sasi
hi all, got a question, shower pump supplying hot and cold to shower, cold is dedicated supply from cwsc, hot supplied from cylinder via a surry flange,
customer has asked me can i rig the rest of his hot water taps via the pump i think yes although not sure of any possible negative...
adrianfs1
Thread
bar
basin
bathroom
booster
connect
cylinder
fix
flange
head
hot
hot water
plumber
problem
pump
remove
salamander
shower
tap
taps
timer
unvented
vent
water
work
A client of mine wants the pressure and flor to his garden taps boosted. around 5 outside taps and approx 60m of burried pipe (20mm od with a 8mm approx id).
the taps are currently fed direct off the mains but he has lowish mains pressure (joys of living on top of a hill). i havent gone into...
andekoch
Thread
bar
booster
cistern
flow
high
low flow
mains
outside
outside tap
pipe
pipes
pressure
price
problem
pump
tap
taps
Hello all,
I want to fit a booster pump to improve the performance of my gravity fed shower and any tips would be greatly appreciated.
The shower is a mixer valve and the the cold feed comes from a tank in the loft which is at least a meter above the showerhead and the hot comes tees off from...
Connor Williams
Thread
air
air vent
booster
cold
cylinder
diy
essex
expansion
flange
gravity
hot
install
installing
job
loft
mixer
mixer valve
pump
shower
tank
tee
tips
valve
vent
work
hi, was just wondering is a grundfos 1.5 shower booster pump suitable to pump all hot and cold services in a one story apt including washing machine and dishwasher
jabbathehut
Thread
booster
cistern
cold
dishwasher
head
header
header tank
hot
no water
parts
problem
pump
shower
tank
water
Hello guys,
I need to buy a negative head booster pump for the hot and cold supplies in a flat, the best price I have found so far is £330 which seems pricey!
Any tips for the best place to shop would be greatly appreciated,many thanks.
All the best,
Connor
Connor Williams
Thread
booster
cold
expensive
head
hot
negative
price
pump
pumps
salamander
tips
I am having problems with a Selamander Twin Impellar pump, the flow switch seems to be faulty as it doesnt activate the pump when the hot kitchen tap is switched on, I have to open the whb tap to start the pump, then the pump will activate correctly for a while until the problem starts again...
Connor Williams
Thread
booster
cold
faulty
filter
flow
hot
kitchen
problem
pump
remove
sink
spout
switch
tap
taps
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