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options
Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, (ROV or ROA) applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. A real option itself, is the right—but not the obligation—to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. For example, real options valuation could examine the opportunity to invest in the expansion of a firm's factory and the alternative option to sell the factory.Real options are generally distinguished from conventional financial options in that they are not typically traded as securities, and do not usually involve decisions on an underlying asset that is traded as a financial security. A further distinction is that option holders here, i.e. management, can directly influence the value of the option's underlying project; whereas this is not a consideration as regards the underlying security of a financial option. Moreover, management cannot measure uncertainty in terms of volatility, and must instead rely on their perceptions of uncertainty. Unlike financial options, management also have to create or discover real options, and such creation and discovery process comprises an entrepreneurial or business task. Real options are most valuable when uncertainty is high; management has significant flexibility to change the course of the project in a favorable direction and is willing to exercise the options.Real options analysis, as a discipline, extends from its application in corporate finance, to decision making under uncertainty in general, adapting the techniques developed for financial options to "real-life" decisions. For example, R&D managers can use Real Options Valuation to help them deal with various uncertainties in making decisions about the allocation of resources among R&D projects. A non business example might be the decision to join the work force, or rather, to forgo several years of income to attend graduate school. It, thus, forces decision makers to be explicit about the assumptions underlying their projections, and for this reason ROV is increasingly employed as a tool in business strategy formulation. This extension of real options to real-world projects often requires customized decision support systems, because otherwise the complex compound real options will become too intractable to handle.
Hi All
I am looking to fit a 600mm dishwasher, i will be fitting it under counter in a current 600mm 3 drawer carcass (i presume this is ok once all the drawres/side sliders are removed?)
From left to right i have sink unit (single waste outlet on trap/u bend), space for washing machine (600mm...
Hi - I hope you can help. We have a discontinued Daryl Shower - the Daryl Hydra 400 that is integrated into the Daryl shower cubicle (at least I think that's what it is from looking online). The foot washer part of the shower is dripping and we have been told that the flow cartridge needs...
Hi - if anyone can help I'd really appreciate it...
I've been getting regular (3 times a year) sewer fumes through shower & bleachy bubbles / gurgling in my toilet. I'm in a ground floor tenement flat, with four storeys above me. Had a CCTV survey of drain last week and no structural issues...
I had a combi boiler installed 2 years ago. I now have leaking taps on the bath it’s leaking down the copper pipes making them green. These pipes are both 22mm and I get awful water hammer on the cold assuming that’s from the pipe going 15mm to 22mm!
The taps are at the back and centre on an...
Hi im looking for some advice .
The cylinder is sited about 15metres away from shower which is currently gravity fed there is a 25 gallon (113 litres) cold water storage tank in the loft and a 1800 x 500 cylinder (276 litre) in a bungalow .
the clients want a more powerful shower but are...
Hello,
I have the exact same issue as this chap had 4 years ago, however I am unable to post on that thread and no solution was ever arrived at (Cast Iron Boss for 40mm waste - https://www.plumbersforums.net/threads/cast-iron-boss-for-40mm-waste.89358/). I have already read a lot of threads on...
Hello
I hope everyone and their families are ok at this time.
During my own self-build
I have to build a small living space (in a garage) two-story for myself and my family of 5 for 1- 2 years before I finish the full-size house. it is temporary but will be approx 30sqm meters downstairs with...
I have a bungalow, which has a gravity fed system, in my ensuite, I have a shower which is fed by an external pump, the shower has a large
shower head and hand shower head. The pump also feeds the sink in the ensuite, the flow of water is fantastic, very powerful, even through the
large...
Hi all,
We had an old gravity fed system and the loft has two huge cold feed tanks that are joined at the base, we have moved the cold water supply to mains so the tanks now only feed the hot water cylinder.
The problem is the two tanks are big and the wood frame underneath is bowing badly...
Been Plumbing a while now, (Im 52). I live in Ireland, spent many years living and working in London. Apart from a few months at Willesden College, I regret not getting my Plumbing papers. Can anyone advise me what college options are in the UK and what might suit my circumstances
Hi I have an old property with a Low flow rate coming in from Mains. Old black imperial pipe from a long run.
This is not a simple job to replace so looking for other options.
It currently has 5 bar on standing but drops off as soon as one tap or shower is used. <1 bar.
The property is being...
Hi Everyone,
I am putting a bath into a bathroom with limited ceiling height so am trying to get the bath as low as possible. Currently the bath waste will be at the height of the plywood floor which means a bigger hole and less structural support. Ideally I would like it to be below the...
I'm looking to tidy up the external waste pipes in my property, I've attached a photo which should make it a bit easier to explain.
I have a 50mm cast iron down pipe with a hopper at the top collecting waste from the bathroom. This pipe ends just above the drain. There are also 2 waste pipes...
Hi there excuse the mess in the pictures i am currently doing a lot of garden work. I am looking to insulate the garage wall internally. the garage is my little get away for my DIY jobs, guitar and soon to be gym.
Any ideas how i can go about insulating the internal wall (right hand side) and...
Good evening all.
I currently have my gas meter on one corner of my property (front left), which serves a boiler in the garage which is on the diagonally furthest corner of the house from the meter (rear right). The pipework connecting the two is 28mm/22mm copper which is on the external walls...
I have a new 32mm MDPE supply pipe being fitted at my property and my builder and I have been discussing how best to connect it up to the existing 22mm copper water pipe inside.
There obviously needs to be a stopcock, meter adapter and drain-off valve in between the two.
There doesn't seem to...
Been to look at a job this afternoon. Workshop being converted into a house.
Current floor is 3" concrete on top of 3" of kingspan.
Customers looking for best options.
I was thinking of an overlay system to directly on top of concrete floor.
Opinions?
Hello, I am looking at buying a property with a HeatraeSadia AMPTEC system fitted.
It is a brand new system coupled to a thermaq UNICYL cylinder
We are a bit worried about the cost of running this system, and may be looking to remove it and fit a gas boiler instead.
Unfortunately it is fitted...
im redoing the kitchen and want to relocate the position of pipe that goes to the waste water outlet.
currently the pipe came straight up from the floor into an under sink unit like this....
This current arrangement sits too high which means id have to re route it through adjacent units in...
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