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The draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes occurred in Iraq and to a smaller degree in Iran between the 1950s and 1990s to clear large areas of the marshes in the Tigris-Euphrates river system. Formerly covering an area of around 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi), the main sub-marshes, the Hawizeh, Central, and Hammar marshes and all three were drained at different times for different reasons.
The draining of the marshes was undertaken primarily for political ends, namely to force the Marsh Arabs out of the area through water diversion tactics and to punish them for their role in the 1991 uprising against Saddam Hussein's government. However, the government's stated reasoning was to reclaim land for agriculture and exterminate a breeding ground for mosquitoes. The displacement of more than 200,000 of the Ma'dan and the associated state-sponsored campaign of violence against them has led the United States and others to describe the draining of the marshes as ecocide or ethnic cleansing.The draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes has been described by the United Nations as a "tragic human and environmental catastrophe" on par with the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest and by other observers as one of the worst environmental disasters of the 20th century.

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  1. J

    Draining a central heating system

    Hi, I have a condensing boiler with an unvented water tank in the airing cupbord. I want to change a few radiators and fit a new bathroom. Can I drain the system like you'd drain a combi boiler system? If I can, how do i repressurise the system when I fill it back up with water? Regards James
    • jmcclintock77
    • Thread
    • central central heating draining heating heating system system
    • Replies: 4
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  2. J

    Flush central heating when adding a rad?

    Hi I have had a quote from a plumber to add a couple of radiators to a conservatory and in the quote, he said he needs to flush the central heating system. The system was installed about 6 years ago and probably hasnt been flushed in this time. Does the system need to be flushed when adding...
  3. J

    to drain or not to drain?

    Was watching watchdog couple months ago and they had a go at one of the plumbers because he drained down when not needed, amongst other things. Now got me thinking how many of you drain the whole heating system and how many just drain individual radiators. Now I am not interested in freezing...
  4. A

    can i stop water flow with nylon bungs?

    Hi all i see monument sell 15mm & 22mm nylon pipe bungs (plugs). has anyone used them to stop the flow of water? for example from cwsc in the loft when the gate valve wont close to save draining down the system. was thinking of buying some and next time i come accross a gate valve that dont...
  5. B

    Should I turn the Boiler off when draining system.

    I want to change the taps on the rads in my living room. I know i will need to drain the system to do this, but i am not sure if i have to turn the boiler off as i still want to have hot water for general use. If i leave the central heating switched off on the controller in the airing cupboard...
  6. H

    Draining hot water taps from combi boiler?

    I have a dripping hot water tap to fix which I know how to do. It's just I've not worked with combi boilers so unsure how to drain the taps. I'm thinking I need to turn red valve off underneath boiler and turn on hot taps. If this is correct how long would it take for taps to drain down? I've...
    • Hainsworth
    • Thread
    • boiler combi combi boiler draining hot hot water oil tap taps water
    • Replies: 19
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  7. G

    Boiler wont fire up after draining

    Hi, I have a Vaillant VCW 242E combi which is refusing to fire up since I drained the CH system today to move a radiator. I re-filled and pressurized to about 1.3 bar, bleeding rads as I went. There is one at the top of the house I haven't been able to bleed yet as bleed screws are seized...
  8. R

    where to fit draining taps

    Hi everyone, I haven't got much plumbing experience, but despite this I'm attempting to fit a whole new system in our house: boiler stove, thermal store, water underfloor heating, new bathroom! I'm reasonably handy(I hope). Anyway, first thing is plumbing in the boiler stove. I've drilled two...
  9. D

    Draining down without a drain valve

    Hey got a bit of a problem. I was asked to remove a radiator and pipe work up to ceiling level so the plasterer could have full access tp the wall. Of course when I cut the pipe work away I also revoved the drain valve. I stop ended both drop down pipes at the coving and refilled the...
  10. A

    Price Please

    Havn't done many barrow jobs so not to sure what to charge. Im fitting two new rads with TRV's and lockshields and repiping if need be. Ive already been to the house two weeks ago to take off the old rads as they wanted the walls to be replastered, I havn't charged for this so far. Just...
  11. J

    Advice on draining my central heating.

    Hi, I want to drain my central heating system to allow me to fit TRV's to the radiators in the bedroom and also put some cleaner through the system. I can't seem to find a drain point on the pipework, however there seems to be a drain on the pipework at the rear of the boiler (manual calls...
    • jiffi77
    • Thread
    • advice boiler central central heating system drain draining point system valve
    • Replies: 2
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  12. J

    Draining and hot water system via radiators

    I want to drain my entire heating and hot water system to change an indirect hot water cylinder and change some piping as well. The boiler is a nightmare to work on as there is no drain cock or any other means of draining the water out of the system other than releasing the lock nut under or...
    • jiffter
    • Thread
    • draining hot hot water hot water system radiator radiators system water
    • Replies: 2
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  13. R

    Toilet not draining.

    Hi Folks, Had a blocked toilet in a pub tonight. Got the blockage to clear with a plunger and tried using a bailey rod but the toilet still isn't flushing properly. The water fills the bowl properly but doesn't drain quickly. I was told that this has been happening over the last couple of days...
  14. A

    In need of help regarding draining a combi system.

    Hi Everyone. Im in great need of some help. I am changing 7 rads on a combi system, so draining down fully is need(different sizes). My problem is that i can drain the upstairs but not the downstairs, this is because who ever installed the boiler put the drain cock/tap higher up than the...
  15. J

    Draining down.

    I have been plumbing for 2 years and i am a Plumber. I just recently went self employed due to the fact that my mate/ plumber decided to work for somebody else. Last week i went to a job that was a bungalow with all radiators on different levels, i drained down the lowest radiator but found...
  16. A

    draining

    what do you use to drain systems when you have to eg hot water cylinder to change the night element or CH to add a new rad. getting fed up waiting for gravity to do its thing. did a HW element change the other day and took ages due to all the scale in the bottom of the tank, eventually used the...
    • andekoch
    • Thread
    • cylinder drain draining element fed gravity hose hot hot water hot water cylinder pipe pump tank water
    • Replies: 3
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  17. G

    changing valves without draining ??

    hiya lads, all previous jobs ive always drained down and never tried this method , need to change the valves and fit a new rad , i know the bung method but is it ok to cut the pipes back a bit and solder fittings onto existing pipework going to the rad. any info appreciated gaz
    • gazmacker
    • Thread
    • central central heating changing drain draining fix heating installation jobs leaking pipe pipes pressure rad valve school sealed sealed system system valve valves without work
    • Replies: 6
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
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