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Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels, and senior living facilities; medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals; vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines; and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Methods for ventilating a building are divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

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  1. W

    Is a single 15 litre water heater sufficient for a flat?

    The background to this is that I have a close friend who runs a charity helping to homeless people into work and accommodation. Needless to say the accommodation is usually right at the bottom end of the range. This weekend she asked me to take a look at a studio flat in Reading where a tenant...
  2. D

    Water Heater advice for Shepherds Hut

    I am building a Shepherds Hut that will be 16ft by 8ft. I want to fit it out with a shower/toilet room and kitchen area and will require hot and cold water for the shower, bathroom basin and kitchen sink. What would be the most effective water heating setup to provide hot water to the 3...
  3. A

    Undersink/oversink hot water heater.

    Hi, I need to install a point of distribution hot water heater for a client in a shop. It will be used to was a few plates and mugs etc. Its purely for their personal use. My question is... is there one that I can fit that doesn't have to have a TRV/PRV fitted? Its right in the centre of the...
  4. Harvest Fields

    condense pipe Trace Heater

    I have a customer that would like one of these. Does anybody else use them? are they worth it? and where is the best place to get them from? Thanks in advance
  5. W

    Calor gas heater is smaller than recommended room

    What is the reason they give a minimum recommended room size? Are there any dangers involved in putting in a room that's smaller than recommended? This sort of thing https://www.calorgas-heaters.co.uk/376-thickbox_default/lifestyle-seasons-warmth-portable-calor-gas-heater.jpg Thanks [thread...
  6. Matt0167

    Main Water heater problem

    Hi Guys Need some help of you more experianced guys if anyone could help Main weater heater 52-476-40 lighting on to main burn once you light the pilot, as soon as you've energised the pilot and release the pilot button main burner comes on even though there is no open tap, faulty gas valve...
  7. M

    Is flame on gas heater too yellow?

    Hi All, The heater seems to be running fine, but I've read around and seen in a lot of places the flame should be completely blue, mine has a bit of yellow in it. I have a new monoxide alarm and its not going off. Thanks so much,
  8. R

    the water heater problem... a thanksgiving mystery????

    Good afternoon & thanks in advance for your help & advice I have an American water heater, “FG” series from 2005. I recently awoke to my water heater spraying approximately 6 gallons of hot water out of my tpr valve along with significant condensation on the copper water pipe running into it...
  9. P

    Immersion heater - water leaking

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  10. B

    Is this immersion heater washer made of asbestos?

    Hello. Whilst replacing my immersion heater, I came across this washer. Is it made of asbestos? Is there a way of telling? The cylinder must be from the 60's or 70's, but I'm assuming the heating element has been changed since then. The existing one's been in place since 2006 at least...
  11. S

    Prosource 4l Boiling Water Heater Titanium

    Boiler - Prosource Boiling Water Heater AEG GYB00416UT Product number - 945115307 Prosource - GYB00416UT Pressure Safety valve with t-piece, hose, bracket, 4 screws and tie wrap. Comes brand new in two boxes, no tap included. Installation and user manuals included. Sensible offers...
  12. jtsplumbing

    Bosch W11 LPG water heater ????

    This heater has had problems from day one ! first fitted 3 years ago, would not fire up & when it did would not maintain heat, so as under warranty Worcester get called out, 1st guy cant understand why it wont work then a 2nd chap turns up, start replacing parts, works for a couple of days so 2...
  13. A

    under sink water heater

    hi chaps, have to fit one of these tomorrow - it's a 10 litre job. Instructions are as clear as mud/ however it does say " the connection to the hot water outlet is to be carried out with a cast iron or steel sleeve or dielectric connector " I have some 1/2 inch black iron fittings - can I use...
  14. G

    undersink water heater recommendation

    i have to specify water heaters for charity-run community hall with infrequent use, about 15 hours a week. they want undersink heaters for the two cloakrooms. will be two basins in one, and a basin and sink in the other. looked at Redring instaneous 9.5kw (they have 3 phase) or ariston 3kw 15l...
  15. M

    Help with Sizing a Tank Water Heater

    Hi, We are trying to size a water heater with tank for a dormitory toilets, laundry and public showers. Kindly let me know what will be the best way to get about doing this? Following are the equipment that will be utilizing the water heaters, Area Equipment QTY Bar Kitchen Single Tap Sink 1...
  16. ChrisTanner

    Want to add immersion heater to Worcester Heatslave 20/25

    I have a Worcester Heatslave 20/25 in reasonable shape, and am about to install a load of solar PV on the roof. There will be excess capacity from the solar that I want to divert to an immersion heater to reduce the load on the oil boiler. I was wondering if I could fit an immersion heater coil...
  17. P

    Instant water heater regs

    Hi everyone, I was wondering if anyone knows the regulations for fitting undercounter unvented water heaters?. I'm gsr but haven't got my ticket for unvented cylinders but I'm sure I've heard that the ticket isn't required for unvented appliances under a certain size. First time I have ever...
  18. A

    Ariston Andris Lux 3kW 15Ltr Undersink Water Heater

    Hi All, I am thinking of installing one of these heaters. The online instructions says that it can be installed without an expansion tank if it is 4.2m from a cold water tap. I have a tap about 3.6m from a standard screw isolation valve. If I connect to the isolation valve the pipe work would...
  19. D

    How to determine the size needed of an electric unvented water heater to supply two ensuites

    I have a Glow worm betacom 30c combi boiler that is not connected to any water tank/cylinder in a 4 bedroom 1 bathroom house. I am adding two en-suite bathrooms which will include a shower, basin and toilet in each (saniflo systems in each). I need to identify how to determine what size unvented...
  20. J

    Tips for Main water heater service

    Hi all, I'm due to service my first Main water heater next week. I haven't taken one apart before, so I'm a bit apprehensive. The boiler is two years old, but the flame picture has a yellow tinge, so a good clean is in order. Most of it is straightforward enough - until it comes to the funny...
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