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water hammer

Hydraulic shock (colloquial: water hammer; fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion, usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas is forced to stop or change direction suddenly; a momentum change. This phenomenon commonly occurs when a valve closes suddenly at an end of a pipeline system, and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe.
This pressure wave can cause major problems, from noise and vibration to pipe rupture or collapse. It is possible to reduce the effects of the water hammer pulses with accumulators, expansion tanks, surge tanks, blowoff valves, and other features. The effects can be avoided by ensuring that no valves will close too quickly with significant flow, but there are many situations that can cause the effect.
Rough calculations can be made using the Zhukovsky (Joukowsky) equation, or more accurate ones using the method of characteristics.

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  1. S

    Should a water arrestor be banging?

    Hi, I had a problem with water hammer where the pipes in my house would bang every time I turned a tap off quickly. I called a plumber and he advised fitting a water arrestor, which I'd heard about after looking the problem up online, so I agreed and had one fitted. The banging sound has gone...
  2. M

    Water hammer ceramic disc taps

    Can you get water hammer from ceramic discs on tap valves? Have been to a job where is it sounds like its coming from there. But I know this isn't always the case. Thanks
  3. P

    Inaccessible pipe: clipping vs support

    Hi, I managed to push two 15mm pex pipes through the underfloor space of a second floor. They go (on a straight run between two parallel joists) from a hole in the floorboard (18mm thick) under an existing radiator to another hole in the contiguous room's floorboard, ready to attach a new...
  4. C

    Water Hammer

    Howdy, We have an issue with water hammer since going to a pressurised system from a gravity fed one. It occurs when the downstairs toilet or washing machine are being used - which makes sense as they are on their own loop of pipes it seems (weird extension with do it yourself plumbing it...
  5. L

    Water hammer caused possibly by cold feed crossing into hot feed

    Have a water hammer that can't get to the bottom of and have searched everywhere. Hammer occurs when hot tap 1st runs the noise comes from the hot water tank cupboard thought it was the expansion vessel so had it replace went away for a short time but returned. Had the vessel checked again and...
  6. J

    Water hammer with smart thermostatic valve

    I have gradually fitted smart TRV's to all of the radiators in our house, and in general we are very pleased with them. However, it has become apparent that quite often, when the timing makes the TRV switch off, this sets off water hammer in that radiator. This is easily fixed by running a hot...
  7. M

    Mystery water hammer

    Problem in video link View: https://youtu.be/efrhhYhhquk Does it when we turn bath taps on or shower either whilst the hot water is on or recently heated. I'm not 100% sure need to figure that out. Havent heard it do it with any other taps in the property. We have an unvented hot water...
  8. H

    Water Hammer & Bathroom fittings squealing when toilet is flushed

    I've been experiencing water hammer within the house for a couple of months now, which rattles the pipes whenever turning off a tap or an appliance cuts off its supply. I have turned the stop tap off while turning on all taps allowing the system to aerate which fixes the issue for a day or so...
  9. A

    Water hammer advice needed

    Hi I think I might have a water hammer- when I flush the toilet or close the bath/ kitchen tap too fast I hear a ‘thunk’ sound. We have a pressure limiter at the main- limits the house to 3 bar. The water softener likely takes this down a bit further. Do I need to be worried? Given the...
  10. J

    Water hammer when neighbour uses water.. Please help

    Sorry to bother but in desperate need of advice, we've suffered with water hammer issues in our council property since 12th November 2018, I share a water line with both neighbours either side of me and the main Thames line is in the street right outside my house leads to another stop tap in my...
  11. K

    Need help with banging pipe from next door

    Needing some help. moved house a month ago and could hear pipes banging all night, called a plumber and it was due to the water in my house being turned off it affected when the neighbour used there’s, there was water in our pipes so we didn’t notice the water was off, both of us could hear the...
  12. H

    Bathroom sink tap squeeling & Water Hammer

    Recently I noticed the houses plumbing developing water hammer whenever shutting off any one of the taps. I have turned the stop tap off and allowed the system to drain and this fixes the issue for a day or so before it returns. I think the culprit is my toilet which seems to be constantly...
  13. A

    Water hammer despite arrestors being fitted

    Hello I am in a row of 4 houses and we have one stopcock in the street and the pipe divides off to each house and each house has a stopcock under the kitchen floor. The water hammer has been going on for a couple of years and has become gradually worse to a point where I am turning my water...
  14. K

    Very loud water hammer in bath/shower plumbing

    Hi All, I have plumbed my bathroom myself. I initially wanted to install a shower and bought a 2 outlet triton digital shower, midway in and I changed mind for a bath shower while the plumbing for the shower was already done. The digital valve was installed in the loft, 1 outlet to ceiling...
  15. D

    Can anyone please help with a water hammer problem?

    My cold water feed (from a private supply) has a pump because the head isn't great. This has worked well for years but recently started to make a hammering noise. I can see that this is due to the pump starting and stopping when the water level in the tank is almost enough to close the valve . I...
  16. H

    Water Hammer?

    Hi, My pipes keep making suddent bang noises every now and then, like someone's suddenly stopping a tap. All my taps are turned off. I had an engineer come in the other day and he drained all the central heating radiators. I myself turned the water off from the mains and drained all the taps...
  17. J

    Water hammer arestor

    Where is best to put a water hammer arrestor for a shower? As close to the shower as possible, closer to the water source or anywhere on the run of pipe??? The pipe work right next to the shower is tiled over Suggestions and thoughts please. Thanks
  18. G

    Concealed push button valve water hammer

    I have installed the 3 button version of this valve I've put non returns on the hot and cold supplu and a shock arrestor on the main as I've just installed a new combi as well. When I turn off the button s I'm getting quite a bad thud when doing so. I've fitted another shock arrestor to the...
  19. T

    Recurring water hammer

    Hi there, For a few years I've had a water hammer in a three storey victorian warehouse conversion. My solution so far was to turn down the water pressure, which works for the annoying sound but my water pressure is not satisfactory. Recently I've decided to try and tackle the problem, and...
  20. R

    Airlock and water hammer

    hi I’ve recently turned the water back on in the house and suddenly it stopped flowing. It stopped in the kitchen first. After messing about with taps it came back on in the kitchen and has now transferred to the first floor bathroom where it has lost pressure, although improved a bit after...
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