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Indian removal was the United States government policy of forced displacement of self-governing tribes of Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River – specifically, to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, present-day Oklahoma). The Indian Removal Act, the key law which authorized the removal of Native tribes, was signed by Andrew Jackson in 1830. Although Jackson took a hard line on Indian removal, the law was enforced primarily during the Martin Van Buren administration. After the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830, approximately 60,000 members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations (including thousands of their black slaves) were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands, with thousands dying during the Trail of Tears.Indian removal, a popular policy among white settlers, was a consequence of actions by European settlers in North America during the colonial period and then by the United States government (and its citizens) until the mid-20th century. The policy traced its origins to the administration of James Monroe, although it addressed conflicts between European and Native Americans which had occurred since the 17th century and were escalating into the early 19th century (as white settlers pushed westward in the cultural belief of manifest destiny). Historical views of Indian removal have been reevaluated since that time. Widespread contemporary acceptance of the policy, due in part to the popular embrace of the concept of manifest destiny, has given way to a more-somber perspective. Historians have described the removal of Native Americans as paternalism, ethnic cleansing, or genocide.

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  1. D

    Safe Radiator Removal

    I hope this is a suitable topic for this forum, apologies if it is off topic I am looking to have the radiator pictured at the link below removed in order to access the wall behind it. As can be seen the valve fittings are boxed in and I really do not want the tiles broken if it can be...
  2. W

    Tap insert removal video

    Thought I'd post in this section too, apologies for this, as it seems to be an often asked question which some have problems finding using the search function. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67BxQ60W3_Y
  3. N

    Asbestos flue on Warm Air

    I recently called a local gas engineer to service my warm air heating and issue a new gas safety certificate. One of the engineers put a smoke pellet into the heating system and looked into the loft. He came down saying there was some smoke escaping into the loft from the flue somewhere in...
  4. M

    Tap insert removal tool.

    I know this has come up loads before tried searching for it but I never get on with searching. What is the name of the tap insert removal tool? I have had 2 taps beat me in the past couple of weeks and would like to give one a try.
  5. A

    Baxi back boiler removal

    Hi I am a Handyman and have been asked to remove a Baxi back boiler which has been decommissioned by British Gas and a new Combi installed elsewhere in the house. Any tips?
  6. G

    Oil tank removal

    Anyone know likely cost of having oil tank removed from a garden, customer now has gas meter and wants a new boiler. Ive never removed one before just capped off and left for customer Cheers
  7. S

    Shower Thermostat Removal

    Please please can someone help. I am trying to work out how to remove and replace a thermostat in a bath store shower. I have got so far as can be seen from the picture but I'm now at a loss as to how to proceed can anyone help? https://www.dropbox.com/s/8xirebuuxl35yz3/IMG_0651.JPG?dl=0...
  8. S

    Ferroli Optimax He Plus 38C Burner Removal

    Hi, Can anyone help me regards removal of the burner on a Ferroli Optimax HE Plus 38C, as the M.I. are nothing short than useless. After removing the fan, I expected the burner just to lift out, but with some resistance, however this burner was stuck in solid, and would not budge, after further...
  9. J

    Potterton netaheat 10/16 removal

    Hi i have a couple of these that need removing. Anyone any experience of how to go about it. Depending on the age they may contain asbestos in the combustion chamber seals and i cant really check the age without taking the front off. Im loath to take the front off if theres asbestos risk. Ive...
  10. V

    Asbestos Removal

    I have a customer whose landlord has decided that professional asbestos removal is far too expensive so he's going to do it himself. I am, as you can imagine, trying to explain to the tenants just how dangerous and stupid he's being but they seem to think there's nothing they can do. I'm about...
  11. Scott_D

    Cylinder insulation removal

    How do you get yours off?? Just spent an hour getting sweaty and creating 4 bags of insulation that I will need to dispose of. I will probably end up with £50 for my troubles. I use a old wood saw, large wall paper stripper and a crow bar to get mine off. Sometimes it seems like its not worth...
  12. P

    Stump Removal

    Need to get myself in gear and remove the 8 stumps left in my garden from when I cut some trees down Anyone have any experience in removing them? 7 are about 6" diameter, 1 is 12-15" diameter Reading up on it choice is rent a stump grinder (£150+) or burn it with Potassium Nitrate inject...
  13. 3

    BG Potterton Precision - Radiator removal to decorate & TRVs?

    Morning folks, we have recently moved into our new house and it has a 12 month old British Gas Potterton Precision system installed. We are decorating and want to be able to remove the radiators but I can't see where the central heating / hot water system is refilled or a pressure gauge of...
  14. D

    Radiator removal whilst tiling bathroom floor

    Hi, I'm hoping someone can help. I need to tile my bathroom floor so Ill need to remove my radiator for the tiling. Once I've finished I'll be getting a new rad fitted Ideally, I'd like to drill a 20mm ish hole into my tile and push the pipe through. Do I just need o shut the water supply off...
  15. M

    silicone removal

    What's the best tool to remove silicone? The plastic thing you get I find rubbish. I have been using a stanley blade and kind of sawing into it to get it off but afyer a while it kills your fingers. And when trying to remove from silver channels on shower enclosure it makes scratches. So, what...
  16. N

    Remeha internal timer/clock removal

    Hi everyone. I have an Remeha Avanta 28c Boiler which has an internal timer clock. It has never been used as we have a voltless room thermostat that we use and just switch off heating as and when. Yesterday evening I noticed the timer was blank and there was no hot water or heating. On...
  17. P

    Sludge Removal And Using Rubber Mallet On Rads

    After a bit of advice about best way of cleaning my open vented system in bungalow. There are 8 rads, s plan, Ideal Concords WRS and all rad pipework is buried in screed with gate valve and pipe leading outside to drain system on same level as pipes in screed. When I was replacing a couple of...
  18. B

    rubbish removal

    what do others do about the packaging when doing a heating job . always left with customer and explain on my quote . just done a job for landlord and forgot to list on quote as waste removal is extra - he now chasing me to remove the packaging and old aring cupboard shelves etc. well I did...
  19. T

    Safe removal of inset from old tap heads.

    Anyone have any tips as to how I might safely remove the inset/indices on the heads of these old Adams taps? As hard as I have tried I simply cannot get them to shift. I have actually replaced the washers on the taps but the spindle has seized (on the hot side) so I need to remove the capstan...
  20. L

    old plastic tanks!!!!

    how do you dispose of them guys, got asked today as I was about to leave:)
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