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reverse
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes. Contrary to a widely held belief, the process does not violate the flows of genetic information as described by the classical central dogma, as transfers of information from RNA to DNA are explicitly held possible.Retroviral RT has three sequential biochemical activities: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, ribonuclease H (RNase H), and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Collectively, these activities enable the enzyme to convert single-stranded RNA into double-stranded cDNA. In retroviruses and retrotransposons, this cDNA can then integrate into the host genome, from which new RNA copies can be made via host-cell transcription. The same sequence of reactions is widely used in the laboratory to convert RNA to DNA for use in molecular cloning, RNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or genome analysis.
Went to do a private job and change the cartridges in this tap and both are seized into the tap. So have to replace the tap.
Have to remove the tiles which sit directly underneath a mirror above and a glass shower screen to the right.
If I manage to get the tiles out without recking the mirror...
Is there a devise that can be attached to a fixed ceiling shower head to allow the water to drain out once the shower has finished being used. There is pipework in the loft that we can attach a devise to.
Im in thinking something that's a reverse of an auto air vent. Or a durgo. Does such...
Sammyt
Thread
air
air vent
pressure
reverse
shower
valve
vent
water
I was installing a heating system where I was running the hot water circuit as the last T. He asked me why I was doing it and then said that that was only applicable if it is thermo syhoning and on a 3 port valve. I told him it had nothing to do with thermo syphonng but the pump pushing it. Does...
The upstairs radiators are getting warm when programmer is on hot water only. This has only recently started to happen, I don't think that it's the 3 port valve as the flow outlet to the heating is cold. Surely it's not a piping issue as it's only just started to happen. Any ideas?
Hi,
I think I have reverse circulation on this system I am dealing with. Is there a check valve in 22mm that I can put on this? I am thinking a normal check valve for mains would be no good for this.
Thanks,
Nat
Hope someone can help with this.
I came upon a combination indirect cylinder. The stored water is heated by an immersion. The hot water is achieved by running mains incoming cold through the coil of the cylinder and presumably picking up the heat from the stored hot water and so to the taps...
MVL
Thread
cylinder
immersion
reverse
stuck
system
thermal
water
when hot water is asked for using danfoss 3020p,the rads also come on,the system suffers from air locks on the hot water side due to low head.thers a mid position valve on first inspection seemed to work but as the water got hotter so did both hot water and ch pipes of it,this has been a long on...
Hi, I'm new to this forum, so hope I'm doing things correctly.
I have a problem with my heating system in my new house, which I have recently just moved into, and hoping someone can help me out.
Unfortunately I'm not from a plumbing background and thought it would be useful to post this on...
Hi
I've had an extension and have decided to replace the whole of the CHS, not that there was much there in the first place (only a smallish house). My hand has been forced in a way by the new Building Regs, however I do think it is a good idea.
I am installing two heating zones (upstairs and...
Tinno
Thread
central
central heating
central heating system
combi
forum
heating
heating system
installing
plumbing
radiators
return
reverse
system
zone
Hi guys.
I'm new here and looking for some advice.
I'm about to plumb a heating system which has both an oil boiler and solid fuel stove. The stove is on the ground floor with the dual coil cylinder on the first floor about 15ft away.
I intend using both sets of tappings on the stove, one...
Plumr
Thread
boiler
central heating system
circulation
cold
connect
cylinder
expansion
flow
gravity
motorised valve
oil
plumber
pump
reverse
secondary
system
tank
tee
temperature
valve
wall
This concept appeals to me,not sure if thats exactly what its called but i think thats it.Basically the hot air you feel coming off an ac unit is used to preheat the hot water/heating primaries and the boiler or immersion then tops it up as I understand it? Never heard of the concept until a...
waldomeyer
Thread
air
boiler
building
central heating system
cycle
green
hot
hot water
inside
reverse
supply
water
Hi,
I have been asked to look at a multi zoned system, where one of the radiators is getting hot because of the wrong connection to it on the return pipe work.
All the floors are tiled it would be costly to alter pipework under the floors. If i stuck in a non return valve on the radiator that...
Hi guys.
I'm new here and looking for some advice.
I'm about to plumb a heating system which has both an oil boiler and solid fuel stove. The stove is on the ground floor with the dual coil cylinder on the first floor about 15ft away.
I intend using both sets of tappings on the stove, one...
Plumr
Thread
boiler
central heating system
circulation
cold
cylinder
expansion
flow
motorised valve
oil
pump
reverse
secondary
system
tank
temperature
valve
wall
Hello all just doing my nvq level 3 at collage and we was on the topic of reverse circulation and im trying to under stand what the best way to avoid this. Do you take the hot water return as close to the boiler as possable any advice would be greatfull.
Hi All,
I have the following questions on the design of central domestic hot water system for one of my ongoing hotel project, this project comprise of 2 area. Area 1 comprise of 6 blocks of hotels each 7 storeys high and area 2 comprise of 6 zones of villas where each zone is made up of about...
darrenlcy
Thread
air
central
cold
cold water
control
flow
high
hot
hot water
hot water system
hotel
job
pipes
plumber
pressure
problem
return
reverse
risers
save money
supply
system
tap
taps
valve
valves
water
work
hi. if a ch pump was fitted the wrong way round. 1- would it do any damage. 2- would it help to move sludge. system--- baxi bermuda back boiler open vent .thanks.
METRIC
Thread
air
baxi
boiler
damage
kettling
pump
reverse
sludge
system
vent
Hi folks
Great forum thanks:)
I put a stove in a while back, one that heats the water and rads.
The natural circulation is plumbed to heat the hot water cylinder. Unfortunately when the stove is left overnight and gets cold, reverse circulation starts in the system and by morning time most of...
Louis
Thread
check valve
circulation
cold
cylinder
electric
expansion
flow
heater
hot
hot water
hot water cylinder
merchant
pipe
piping
plumbers
problem
reverse
safe
safety
stove
system
tank
valve
valves
vent
water
y plan
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