Newcastle upon Tyne (UK: NEW-kah-səl, locally (listen) new-KASS-əl), often simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in northern England. It is on the River Tyne's northern bank and approximately 8.5 mi (13.7 km) from the North Sea.Culturally, the city is famed for its nightlife; bakery chain Greggs; television personalities Ant & Dec; the Great North Run half-marathon; and Newcastle United Football Club. Famous landmarks include the Tyne Bridge; the Swing Bridge; The Castle; St Thomas’ Church; Grainger Town including Grey's Monument and the Theatre Royal; the Millennium Bridge; St James' Park; and Chinatown. Historically, the city's economy was dependent on its port as one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres. Today, the city's economy is diverse with major economic output in science, finance, retail, education, tourism, and nightlife.
It developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius and the settlement later took the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. The city is one of the historic county towns of Northumberland, with some separate administration from 1400 when it became a county corprate. The city became the metropolitan county town of Tyne and Wear from 1974 until 1986. It is locally governed by Newcastle City Council, part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
It is part of the Core Cities Group, as well as the Eurocities network. The city is part of the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom, Tyneside, it also includes the large towns of Gateshead and South Shields.
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