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circulation
Print circulation is the average number of copies of a publication. Number of copies of a nonperiodical publication such as a book called usually print run. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.
Print circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. In many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as Mondo Times, but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves.
In many developed countries, print circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy.
Here goes! .. me and my very experienced mate are scratching our heads on this one!
set up - convention with 5 x rads and 1 x cylinder (y plan), 22mm flow and return with drop downs to all rads
Boiler is faulting on poor circulation F22 and F25 (glow worm HX 15)
What I've checked :-...
We've just been to a client's house to service their ASHP system, and as part of that discovered taht the secondary circulation pump was on a timer set to come on at 6:30am and go off at 11:00pm.
The client isn't at home during the day.
This seems mighty excessive to me, and I know what we...
Hi all,
Is there a rule of thumb for increasing the radiator size with lower circulation temps? My house is going to have wet UFH downstairs and rads upstairs and I was thinking about getting the circulation temperature at around 65c. What percentage increase of rad size should I allow as...
flappy8
Thread
circulation
cold radiator
hot rads
lower
temperature
Hi all,
I am converting a commercial building (modern, cavity walls,single storey, insulated) into a large bungalow. It's shape is a large U and I will have ensuites remote from the boiler location. I am looking at electric showers/point of use underbasin electric heaters for these, as there...
gongoozler
Thread
boiler
circulation
electric
heaters
hot
hot water
oil
secondary
water
Hi Guys,
I'm planning a disabled bathroom for an incontinent child with severe problems. The client has specified secondary circulation as it's 20m from the unvented cylinder and they don't want to have to wait for the hot to arrive. Rather than put it on a single channel timer and have it...
Hi there.. I recently had a Daikin heat pump system installed for heating the house. (air to water, model EKHBRD016ACV1).
However the built-in circulation pump deemed insufficient for the 3-story house, so the installer added another circulation pump to the system.
The second pump is...
tkalfaoglu
Thread
circulationcirculation pump
header
installer
installing
original
pump
relay
second
system
I was installing a heating system where I was running the hot water circuit as the last T. He asked me why I was doing it and then said that that was only applicable if it is thermo syhoning and on a 3 port valve. I told him it had nothing to do with thermo syphonng but the pump pushing it. Does...
The upstairs radiators are getting warm when programmer is on hot water only. This has only recently started to happen, I don't think that it's the 3 port valve as the flow outlet to the heating is cold. Surely it's not a piping issue as it's only just started to happen. Any ideas?
Hi,
I think I have reverse circulation on this system I am dealing with. Is there a check valve in 22mm that I can put on this? I am thinking a normal check valve for mains would be no good for this.
Thanks,
Nat
Hi Guys
I have a open vented 10 rad system in my 12 year old house, we moved in about 5 years ago and noticed in the 1st winter that the rads to the front of the house only got warm (rads to the back of the house red hot) the following winter front of the house dowstairs switched off would...
Bailey1
Thread
circulation
front
house
issues
still
valve
working
Guys,
I need to look for someone to help me check my circulation problems as my radiators take very long to heat up. I have described some problems in here:
http://www.ukplumbersforums.co.uk/plumbing-forum/49440-help-needed-understand-purpose-another-pipe-valve-expansion-tank-3.html
PM me if...
I have been getting water hammer on my new installation (Economaire 32) and inquiring as to cause of the problem I require to get a suitable circulation pump fitted to the system.
It has to fit to the Economaire 32 unit so I need to source it so I can get the best price possible. Any help on...
Hi im new to this forum and i am looking for any advice on the problem i am having
The job i am currently having issues with is a 24 radiator system it has two 24kw boilers linked together but without a low loss header it was all installed 10 years ago and was working fine up until date.
the...
seren22
Thread
boiler
boilers
circulation
problem
sealed
sealed system
system
I have recently been to look at an old profile 60. The boiler cut out on overheat but this can happen after 10 minutes or two hours. The previous guy put chemical cleaner in the system for about five days and changed the overheat stat, after this he gave up!!!!! All radiators get hot after 30 -...
Dapper
Thread
after
boiler
circulation
fault
overheat
potterton
profile
Got a phone call today with a problem with a vented system
i don't know much about it just want I have been told by a friend
2 year old system boiler coming up with a no circulation fault
the boiler doesn't fire up on either hw or ch
he said the pump is running and that its running free...
Apologies if this has cropped up on here before, as I'm sure it's a common problem for a plumber but as an enthusiastic diy'er I've run out of ideas.
I have a simple, vented one-pipe system with header tank and cylinder fed from a back boiler which dates back to when the house was built in 1967...
steelerblue
Thread
boiler
circulation
first
issues
plumber
system
water
It’s a system boiler with an open vented system, with a domestic hot water cylinder.
I inherited this plumbing job from somebody else who got chucked off site. There was an existing boiler, tanks in roof and domestic hot water storage cylinder. All radiator pipework was changed by the other...
fatboy123
Thread
circulation
downstairs
problems
radiators
system
upstairs
valve
Possibly the wrong section for this as it has very little to do with solid fuel, but as gravity circulation plays a big role in the idea I thought the solid fuel section may be more appropriate.
I've got an idea for a problem and I can't for the life of me figure out if it will work or not...
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