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hot water system

Water heating is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry, hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.
Domestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as water heaters, kettles, cauldrons, pots, or coppers. These metal vessels that heat a batch of water do not produce a continual supply of heated water at a preset temperature. Rarely, hot water occurs naturally, usually from natural hot springs. The temperature varies with the consumption rate, becoming cooler as flow increases.
Appliances that provide a continual supply of hot water are called water heaters, hot water heaters, hot water tanks, boilers, heat exchangers, geysers (Southern Africa only), or calorifiers. These names depend on region, and whether they heat potable or non-potable water, are in domestic or industrial use, and their energy source. In domestic installations, potable water heated for uses other than space heating is also called domestic hot water (DHW).
Fossil fuels (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, oil), or solid fuels are commonly used for heating water. These may be consumed directly or may produce electricity that, in turn, heats water. Electricity to heat water may also come from any other electrical source, such as nuclear power or renewable energy. Alternative energy such as solar energy, heat pumps, hot water heat recycling, and geothermal heating can also heat water, often in combination with backup systems powered by fossil fuels or electricity.
Densely populated urban areas of some countries provide district heating of hot water. This is especially the case in Scandinavia, Finland and Poland. District heating systems supply energy for water heating and space heating from combined heat and power (CHP) plants, waste heat from industries, incinerators, geothermal heating, and central solar heating. Actual heating of tap water is performed in heat exchangers at the consumers' premises. Generally the consumer has no in-building backup system, due to the expected high availability of district heating systems.
Today in the United States, domestic hot water used in homes is most commonly heated with natural gas, electric resistance, or a heat pump. Electric heat pump water heaters are significantly more efficient than electric resistance water heaters, but also more expensive to purchase. Some energy utilities offer their customers funding to help offset the higher first cost of energy efficient water heaters.

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  1. A

    Here's one for you!!

    So a strange conundrum regarding water temp if anyone can help resolve, would be much appreciated. Ive tried to give as much info as possible to give a full picture but let me know if ive missed anything. I have a Baxi Avanta 25h heat only boiler. Works fine. Unvented 300ltr megaflow. Stated...
  2. N

    Tap for a gravity based hot water system

    Hi, I have a gravity based hot water system, and recently had a new kitchen installed. We never had a noticeable hot water pressure issue before, but the flow from the new tap is down to a trickle. Pressure head is c.3m. Flow is 2L/min compared to 12L/min minute out of the hot water tap...
  3. N

    Is this changed domestic hot water system design going to work ok?

    Hi, We are having PV panels fitted which will dump the excess energy into our hot water tank. Our house originally had a large 210L economy7 hot water tank (cold tank in loft), but the hot water tank died 18 years ago. At that time we fitted a smaller 117litre tank and went for fitting electric...
  4. vrtechsol

    Hot Water system Installations

    Suggest some good hot water system installers and sellers. In Australia
  5. R

    Unvented Hot Water System

    Hi, I’ve purchased a new build property and had a few issues with the unvented hot water system. I’ve now asked the developer, builder and plumber for proof of G3 certificate of the plumbers but have been told they have no need to show me this. I’ve searched the gas safe register and it’s not...
  6. Learning Plumber

    Hot water system plan

    Any experienced plumbers out there kind enough to take a look at my hot water system drawing? You can be critical - I'm learning! It’s designed to supply PV solar preheated water to an electric water heater and then on to small bathroom (daily light use). At the end of an ‘average' day, I...
  7. T

    AUS Need to buy Yellow tempering valve cap for Saxon hot water system

    Hey all! 👋 I need to buy one of those yellow tempering valve caps with the triangle inset on top of the lid, so I can adjust the tempering valve on my Saxon 140L hot water service.. it’s only got a crappy blue lid with no triangle inset, and I can’t adjust the valve any other way (difficult...
  8. S

    Advice on hot water system

    Hello, I had the hot water tank replaced yesterday as the old one had split. The new installation was finished but last night when the water heating control kicked in so did the central heating and the radiators hotted up. I spotted on the diverter valve that there is a setting to switch from...
  9. S

    Help possible airlock in hot water shower pump Salamander ct50.system

    Good evening everyone. I am after some advice with regard to our hot water system before I call out a plumber if necessary. So about 3 times since Easter we have had what looks an airlock. I have done the trick with a mixer tap which seems to fix it eventually, usually left overnight. I am...
  10. J

    Can anyone help to problem solve this noise from hot water system?

    Hot water system making a very high pitched squeal. Very loud when using the bath upstairs, not as loud in the downstairs kitchen but water pressure has dropped. My step dad (not a plumber) has changed the combination valve but no luck. Any suggestions? Thanks! Attached are videos of the noise...
  11. M

    Intermittent bad smell

    Hi I have an intermittent bad smell that's really hard to pin down, I was wondering if I could get your thoughts on it. I can go months without smelling that sulphur smell and then one day it kicks in. Sometimes its really faint, others its strong and lingers. I never know when it will stop...
  12. plumbingdoctor

    Plumber The Plumbing and Electrical Doctor

    About The Plumbing & Electrical Doctor Fixed Prices Guaranteed Open All Weekend Seniors Card Discounts Starting in 1980 as The Plumbing Doctor, The Plumbing & Electrical Doctor services the East Coast including Newcastle, the Central Coast, Canberra, and Illawarra. Local tradespeople serving...
  13. A

    UK Purpose of a hot water return line and a check valve

    Please see the RED marked area; The Hot water service (HWS) rretun line having a Check valve what is the purpose of this valve here? also i can see a TEE in the HWS forward and Return line, it's the only thing will be available in the HWS F&R joint? What i have understood is the HWS F&R...
  14. PennyR

    UK Continuous Flow Hot Water System - Highest Temperature

    Hey all, I'm setting up a small brewery and need the ability to have instant hot water at decent flow rates. I've been looking at commercial options but I was wondering if anyone can recommend a good unit that can get unto 80? Appreciate any guidance!
  15. J

    Help understand my hot water system, and is efficient for my needs?

    We have moved into a large, old house and the bills are very high. I'm trying to figure out the most efficient way to manage the hot water. In the cellar is an Indirect Hot Water cylinder, controlled by a Honeywell Smart thermostat, and powered by a relatively new 48kw Worcester boiler. The...
  16. A

    Plumber Ausco Plumbing

    At Ausco Plumbing, we provide the best plumbing services in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. Our comprehensive services include hot water service, blocked drain repair, commercial and industrial plumbing services, domestic and residential plumbing services, and pipe location and relining. Our 24/7...
  17. S

    Suspected Leak in Hot Water system vs Cylinder behaviour?

    Good morning, I have a Kingspan Tribune XE (TXN210) indirect unvented cylinder in my property (installed in 2020, in a new build property) and I am trying to understand what I originally suspected was a leak from the HW system. My cylinder is heated twice a day on 2 x 30 minute cycles, this...
  18. B

    Plumber Bunbury Hot Water and Gas

    Plumber Bunbury Hot Water and Gas We are your one-stop solution for all your plumbing needs in the local Bunbury area and surrounding districts. From simple requests to complex jobs needing more design and planning, we can handle all plumbing work for your home or business. We can take care of...
  19. Michael Groves

    Mains Pressure Hot water System - Brown Sludge

    I got a Mains Pressure Hot water System, it's about 3 years old. The shower filters get blocked yearly, and if it gets drained for maintenance, when you purge the system, you get loads of brown sludge. This is on the hot water side only. How can I prevent this brown sludge build-up, and how can...
  20. J

    URGENT What hot water system should I use?

    I'm struggling to find advise on my set of circumstance here, I'm moving into a new flat and it needs a new boiler and bathroom. Here are my constraints: The property is electric only - no chance of gas There is no cold water tank - ground floor flat so definitely not an option As I cannot...
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