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Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels, and senior living facilities; medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals; vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines; and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Methods for ventilating a building are divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

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  1. G

    Under sink heater pressure

    Hello, First time posting here, I'm looking for some advice. Apologies in advance if I ask silly questions. I'm English but recently moved to Germany. We are living in the house of my girlfriend's late father. He was something of a dysfunctional alcoholic and the house is full of quirks and...
    • georgerarnold
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  2. K

    Electric Water Heater - Works with Thermostatic Mixer Taps

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  3. M

    Instantaneous under sink heater monoblock tap

    Does any one know why electric instantaneous under sink heaters are not permitted to me fit to monoblock taps? At least the Hyco ones say not to.
    • Matt0029
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  4. G

    Steam Heater Question

    Good morning. I’m not a plumber but a homeowner trying to figure out an issue with an old steam unit. Basically, we bought an old house a little over a year ago. It has a complicated heating system that includes a steam unit that heats 8 radiators throughout the house (4 on the first floor, 4...
    • Gkennedy
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  5. R

    Tankless vs TAnk Water Heater

    I want to replace my tank water heater with a tankless one. I live alone. Is it really more energy efficient?
    • Regina Tikhonova
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  6. S

    Immersion Heater Overheating & Kettling

    Hi All, My nans hot water recently stopped working which resulted in an extremly over priced plumber coming out and replacing both elements in the immersion tank. Aside from a huge price tag, it seemed the issue was resolved... until a few weeks back The cut off switch keeps going off if the...
  7. G

    How to resolve new Rheem water heater banging/knocking noise

    Hey,, new condo homeowner here.. I just had a 19 year old 40 gallon gas Kenmore water heater replaced over 3 weeks ago with a 40 gallon gas Rheem performance unit. I had it installed by a supposedly professional plumber. Upon turning on the HOT WATER tap only it makes like a banging/knocking...
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  8. R

    Ariston water heater pressure

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    • richdmartin44
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  9. M

    Instantaneous hot water heater

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  10. Sparkgap

    Fastflo water heater reliability?

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  11. P

    Spots recently ceiling downstairs, Condensation??? New water heater.

    Plumbing/water heater- spots recently on ceiling downstairs, 2 story house. Condensation??? New water heater. Live in same house now for 20 years but could happen anywhere. Got a new water heater in September on 2nd floor in a tiny closet. In that closet is a metal aluminum vent and also a...
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  12. H

    emersion heater change

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  13. L

    : What Electric water heater for a 2 bed flat ?

    Friend has been notified by their Freeholder that the communal Boiler for heating and H/W will need upgrading at a cost of 80-100K per apartment !! They are going to get many quotes and options themselves as this seems extortion ! Or Each flat can fit their own. But Must be Electric ...
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  14. R

    Immersion heater has water in the cap

    My immersion heater tripped the mains breaker, when I took the cap off it was full of water and the element seems to be shorted to earth. It's been there for a while so ok I need a new one but how is the water getting into the cap. I cleaned it up and left the cap off check next day full of...
  15. U

    Why do I have to keep re-setting the immersion heater thermostat

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  16. TallulaB

    Vaillant auro stor water heater issues

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  17. H

    leak on emmersion heater

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  18. M

    Water heater type/size advice for a charity please

    Some advice for a small charity if possible please. I’ve been asked to reinstate a water heater into a building which is used infrequently, but on occasion has a group of people there using the basin in the washroom, and the kitchen sink (coloured red). There was an old mains tank in the plant...
  19. N

    anti-corrosion additive on indirect water heater

    My current system is a wood fired boiler, and /or oil boiler the wood boiler heats my garage, home (hydronics) and my indirect HW system. the oil boiler does the 2 hydronic zones but not the garage. it also does my indirect hot water. The indirect tank is 32 years old and needs...
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  20. A

    Boiler broken and using immersion heater for the first time!

    Hi all! Need some newbie advice please... I have an unvented system boiler set up and the boiler has broken down due to pressure loss (engineer coming monday) I have switched off the boiler. The hot water cylinder has an immersion heater element, is it simply a case of turning the element on...
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