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Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant HY-rəm yoo-LISS-eez; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As president, Grant was an effective civil rights executive who created the Justice Department and worked with the Radical Republicans to protect African Americans during Reconstruction. As Commanding General, he led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865 and thereafter briefly served as Secretary of War.
Raised in Ohio, Grant possessed an exceptional ability with horses. Admitted to West Point, Grant graduated 21st in the class of 1843 and served with distinction in the Mexican–American War. In 1848, he married Julia Dent, and together they had four children. Grant resigned from the army in 1854 and returned to his family but lived in poverty. He joined the Union Army after the Civil War broke out in 1861 and rose to prominence after winning several early Union victories on the Western Theater. In 1863 he led the Vicksburg campaign, which gained control of the Mississippi River. President Abraham Lincoln promoted him to lieutenant general after his victory at Chattanooga. For thirteen months, Grant fought Robert E. Lee during the high-casualty Overland Campaign and at Petersburg. After Lee fled Petersburg, Grant defeated him at Appomattox. On April 9, 1865, Lee formally surrendered to Grant. A week later, Lincoln was assassinated and was succeeded by President Andrew Johnson, who promoted Grant to General of the Army in 1866. Later Grant openly broke with Johnson over Reconstruction policies; Grant used the Reconstruction Acts, which had been passed over Johnson's veto, to enforce civil rights for recently freed African Americans.
A war hero, drawn in by his sense of duty, Grant was unanimously nominated by the Republican Party and was elected president in 1868. As president, Grant stabilized the post-war national economy, supported Congressional Reconstruction, ratification of the 15th Amendment, and crushed the Ku Klux Klan. Under Grant, the Union was completely restored. He appointed African Americans and Jewish Americans to prominent federal offices. In 1871, Grant created the first Civil Service Commission, advancing civil service more than any prior president. The Liberal Republicans and Democrats united behind Grant's opponent in the presidential election of 1872, but Grant was handily re-elected. Grant's Native American policy was to assimilate Indians into the White culture; the Great Sioux War was fought during his term. Grant's foreign policy was mostly peaceful, without war, the Alabama Claims against Great Britain skillfully resolved, but his prized Caribbean Dominican Republic annexation was rejected by the Senate.
The Grant administration is traditionally known for prevalent scandals including the Gold Ring and the Whiskey Ring. However, modern scholarship has better appreciated Grant's appointed reformers and prosecutions. Grant appointed John Brooks Henderson and David Dyer, who prosecuted the Whiskey Ring. Grant appointed Benjamin Bristow and Edwards Pierrepont, who served as Grant's anti-corruption team. Grant appointed Zachariah Chandler, who cleaned up corruption in the Interior. Grant's administration prosecuted Mormon polygamists (1871), ****ographers, and abortionists (1873–1877). The Panic of 1873 plunged the nation into a severe economic depression that allowed the Democrats to win the House majority. In the intensely disputed presidential election of 1876, Grant facilitated the approval by Congress of a peaceful compromise.
In his retirement, Grant was the first president to circumnavigate the world on his tour, dining with Queen Victoria and meeting many prominent foreign leaders. In 1880, Grant was unsuccessful in obtaining the Republican presidential nomination for a third term. In the final year of his life, facing severe financial reversals and dying of throat cancer, he wrote his memoirs, which proved to be a major critical and financial success. At the time of his death, he was memorialized as a symbol of national unity. Grant was a modern general and "a skillful leader who had a natural grasp of tactics and strategy". Historical assessments of his presidency have ranked him low, 38th in 1994 and 1996, but Grant has moved up in recent years, to 21st in 2018 and 20th in 2021. Although critical of scandals and his role in the passage of the Comstock Act, modern historians have emphasized his two-term presidential accomplishments. These included the prosecution of the Klan, treatment of blacks as both human and American, an innovative Native American policy, and the peaceful settlements of the Alabama Claims and controversial 1876 presidential election.

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  1. A

    Sizing Grant Vortex Oil Fired Cond Boiler

    I am trying to self assess the new Condensor Boiler sizing for a 18 yrs old built. It's oil fired Firebird Reillo has packed in. It was a 19- 35KW rated non condensing boilerhouse unit. This is a large 3000sqft property with ground and first floor. Considering the first floor with 5 beds 3 loos...
  2. SJB060685

    Grant Vortex Combi No CH

    Hi Guys. Still new to oil breakdowns. Got a Grant Vortex not giving CH. MI’s say (as far as I’ve got) the NRV could be stuck open, it says CH return will be hotter than flow if that’s the case which it is but I’m unsure exactly why that would happen. Can someone explain to me why that is?
  3. H

    Grant flue extension what I need?

    hi everyone, been doing a fair bit of work and hit a little problem, when pushing the boiler back into place there is no longer room for all the pipes behind it. Looking around it seems a flue extension is what I need. The smallest they do is a 225mm (x200s) but they are telescopic so should be...
  4. B

    Grant oil burner set up

    Evening,fitted a few oil boilers,usually Grant. Fitting one just now and noticed that the burner is different. Is there something I need to look out for when setting up?
  5. P

    Which Grant boiler has top (vertical) exit flue

    Simple question, I hope. Which Internal Grant system combi boiler has a top / vertical flue option? We need a 21Kw but it can only vertical. Grant's info doesn't seem to make it very clear. Thanks in advance.
  6. Robert Tyrrell

    Grant Combi 70 MKll Cycling

    Got called to a Grant Combi 70 MKll today to find that its; cycling - 2 minutes on and 2 minutes off. The house reaches temperature but it takes a couple of hours to do so. About 6 months back I fitted a new boiler heat control and today I've fitted a new primary store stat but it''s still...
  7. king of pipes

    Grant boiler pumping over

    Got a grant oil fired boiler on a large system two heating zones and a hotwater zone each has a honeywell zone valve, the heating is pumping over intermittently a surge of water its as if the boiler is keeping firing when it should be off need to go into it in more depth any ideas guys . cheers kop
  8. M

    Grant Vortex turbolators/ baffles

    how do you guys clean these secondary baffles or turbolators? Some are very hard to clean properly and was wondering if something like Dual X from HWOS would do it or maybe a diluted tub of Fernox DS1 descaler perhaps......what you reckon? Regards
  9. C

    Grant Boiler Knocking only a year in...sound files attached

    Can anyone offer any guidance please. System installed a year ago. Oil fired grant vortex pro. Recently started knocking - have read and I see it could be anything from kettling through to pipes. I attach sound files links as someone may recognise the sound: Dropbox - Boiler 2.mp3 Dropbox...
  10. O

    Grant Vortex 26 combi

    I have an internal grant vortex 26 combi around 8yrs old.....the boiler is working ok but I have noticed that the burner varies in times it takes to ignite? Normally the Riello burner fan comes on and ignites within 5 seconds but sometimes the fan will come on and it takes up to 40 seconds to...
  11. andyplumber

    Grant vortex eco oil boiler

    Hi guys I fitted a wet room a couple of weeks ago including a new towel rail The customer is now claiming her boiler is not working properly and it was fine till I did the wetroom, all I did was drain the heating down, fit towel rail and fill it back up, fired it up and it all heated up hot...
  12. finchy01

    Grant vortex pro external

    Went to a customers today, there boiler is coming on and heating a single radiator early in the morning and in the evening. My thoughts were does this have a pretty heat function? If so could be a dodgy divert or valve, she says it seems to be at the same time that the heating is due on though...
  13. RoryD

    Business Grant Scam???

    I've recently received a phone call from Business Grants & Funding ® - Easy Funding for Business Growth.. They called from out of the blue offering me the earth. It was too good to be true......!! Then yesterday I had the great news that they may be able to accept me for the grant and needed to...
  14. M

    Grant combi external riello pump problem

    Morning guys I installed a new Grant 26e external combi just after Christmas. The oil supply was on a temporary supply from an ivt tank which was new and clean. Cross land filter as per installation as always! after around 2-3 weeks the burner locked out and on inspection it was humming with no...
  15. P

    Grant vortex won't ignite.

    Working on the above boiler. Oil pump runs, wash pressure then full pressure. Sparks but won't ignite. When I pull the photocell out I can see it sparking but doesn't look like it's sparking properly. Cleaned and reset the electrodes but still won't ignite. Is it worth swapping the...
  16. P

    grant boiler cutting out after 3 seconds

    I have an external oil fired grant boiler. I have just fitted a new oil pump and bled the system but the boiler fires up for 3 seconds and then cuts out. any ideas???
  17. S

    Grant vortex eco utility 15-21 will not fire and there is water dripping from a few p

    I have got up this morning to a cold house and noticed the boiler was making a noise but was not firing, the oil tank is 3 quarters full and it worked perfectly the night before. The pressure gauge is reading 2.5 bar and the lockout switch is not illuminating. There is water dripping from a few...
  18. R

    Hi I have a grant combI condenser boiler

    Can any one help out I've got a grant condenser combI boiler but I have no ch light no dhw light no flow light and no hot water or heating
  19. T

    Worcester v Grant v firebird v warmflow

    Hi guys, im after some info on the most common make of oilr boiler u all install. The majority of boilers ive imstalled are worcester, ive always thought grants and some firbirds are a pain in the a@@ to service, where as the worcesters are fairly straight forward. We fitted a couple if...
  20. M

    Grant Vortex Combi 21e Constant Demand

    Hi Folks, I'm new on here and this is my first post. I have one of the Grant combis, and wish I'd never had it fitted :disappointed: The latest one is no hot water :disappointed: I've noticed over the last few weeks that the temperature of the hot seems to be hot to start with, and then...
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