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In geometry, every polyhedron is associated with a second dual figure, where the vertices of one correspond to the faces of the other, and the edges between pairs of vertices of one correspond to the edges between pairs of faces of the other. Such dual figures remain combinatorial or abstract polyhedra, but not all are also geometric polyhedra. Starting with any given polyhedron, the dual of its dual is the original polyhedron.
Duality preserves the symmetries of a polyhedron. Therefore, for many classes of polyhedra defined by their symmetries, the duals belong to a corresponding symmetry class. For example, the regular polyhedra – the (convex) Platonic solids and (star) Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra – form dual pairs, where the regular tetrahedron is self-dual. The dual of an isogonal polyhedron (one in which any two vertices are equivalent under symmetries of the polyhedron) is an isohedral polyhedron (one in which any two faces are equivalent [...]), and vice-versa. The dual of an isotoxal polyhedron (one in which any two edges are equivalent [...]) is also isotoxal.
Duality is closely related to reciprocity or polarity, a geometric transformation that, when applied to a convex polyhedron, realizes the dual polyhedron as another convex polyhedron.

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  1. J

    Where can I find a dual temperature sensor controller?

    Background 24 apartments are equipped with thermal stores of (100 to 150 litres) with immersion heater capability. Individual demand of each apartment for domestic hot water varies greatly in timing and volume. Thus the oil boiler is required to work for long periods which is uneconomical...
  2. abc_plumb

    Check Wiring Diagram for Nest Dual pls

    Hi Fellow Engineers I've attached a wiring diagram I've just completed, I wanted to make sure I've got it correct. Looking to install 2 Nest thermostats to a Worcester combi boiler. 1 Zone is radiators and the other is UFH, with pump on manifold Would be grateful to receive feedback. Thanks
  3. B

    Bi Flow dual taps query

    Hi everyone, I need to replace the kitchen tap, all my neighbours have two single taps in their kitchen and bathroom whereas I have a single lever tap in the bathroom and kitchen. Due to living in a flat and having a shared water supply I was advised to get a dual flow tap for the kitchen so...
  4. S

    Dual immersion heater question

    I recently posted to request information about supply of a "dual Immersion heater". Two members kindly replied with helpful advice. I tried to respond with thanks but the system persistently refused to accept this; quoting: "Your content can not be submitted. This is likely because your content...
  5. S

    Dual immersion heater with sink/bath switch

    I have read of hot water cylinders being heated with a dual element immersion heater. The main principle being that a shorter element heats the top of the tank and then, subsequently, a longer element comes into play. With a bath/sink switch the longer element may be disabled. The topic of such...
  6. B

    electric shower vs. mains from dual cylinder submersion heater

    Hello, and thank you for reading. My partner and I have just purchased our first property that came with a dual cylinder electric water heater, and an electric shower in the bathroom. As it happens, the shower needs replacement, and we were thinking of removing the electric shower (Mira Sport)...
  7. BENNEJ0

    ideal standard dual flush valve problem

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  8. A

    Thunderflush dual installation problem

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  9. J

    Smart dual thermostats?

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  10. TxVet33

    toilet service dual valve question

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  11. N

    Dual zone central heating query

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  12. S

    Dual heating system with upstairs and down stairs thermostats

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  13. S

    Geberit Dual Flush Valve

    Hi there, our flush valve is still raising but refusing to drop back down. Been to all the plumbers merchants but none have anything that will click into the existing cradle. Its going to be far too difficult to remove the cistern and replace the cradle. Any advice pleas on where I might be...
  14. C

    Dual flush toilet leaking

    Hi, I have a dual flush toilet that's leaking water from the cistern to the bowl. I've taken the flush system out cleaned the washer of gunk, cleaned the bottom of the tank and it's still leaking-in fact it was leaking more at 1st! I rotated the unit a little and it slowed down; I can't rotate...
  15. D

    Dual flush valve for 2" flush pipe?

    Any recommendations for a push-button toilet dual flush valve, please (and must have a cable over 310mm)? Tried a Fluidmaster model but plumber says it won't fit the 2" flush pipe. Thanks.
  16. D

    Dual flush syphon unit to slot into cradle of Bathstore A2432 model?

    The syphon activation cable on my old Bathstore A2432 dual flush valve has broken and I don't want to have to remove the whole cistern to replace the the complete unit. Does anyone know of a replacement valve the syphon part of which I can use to slot into the existing cradle, please? I hope...
  17. taffyinhighlands

    parallel hot water tanks - can switch to single as well as dual use?

    I've got a DHW system with 2 storage tanks run in parallel - everything is well set up for the 2 tank operation, but other than completely removing one tank, and draining it to avoid legionella risk, is there a way I can keep both hooked up but only run the single tank (system was installed for...
  18. S

    Is my boiler dual function?

    We’d like to install solar thermal and a cylinder in our new loft to meet the increased household demand for hot water (three daughters!) but we’re we don’t need to replace our boiler - an excellent Valliant Ecotec 831. Is anyone able to tell me if this boiler is dual function and compatible...
  19. S

    Dual boiler setup - pro & cons

    Hello, I have recently bought a house and found that there are two boilers working in tandem for CH and hot water, ie. both boilers fire up when heating or hot water is scheduled. What are the advantages of a dual system setup? Would switching off one of the boilers reduce my gas bill...
  20. D

    Hive installation - dual zone heating with Combi boiler and hot water cylinder

    Hi all, At our old flat, we had a combi boiler which dealt with heating and hot water without an additional tank. There was an external timer next to the boiler, and a room thermostat (manual) in the hallway. I was able to replace the latter with a receiver and wireless (not smart) thermostat...
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