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A contract is a legally enforceable agreement that creates, defines, and governs mutual rights and obligations among its parties. A contract typically involves the exchange of goods, services, money, or a promise of any of those. In the event of a breach of contract, the injured party may seek judicial remedies such as damages or cancellation. Contract law, the field of the law of obligations concerned with contracts, is based on the principle expressed in the Latin phrase pacta sunt servanda, ( "agreements must be kept").Contract law, like other areas of private law, varies between jurisdiction. The various systems of contract law can broadly be split between common law jurisdictions, civil law jurisdictions, and mixed law jurisdictions which combine elements of both common and civil law. Common law jurisdictions typically require contracts to include consideration in order to be valid, whereas civil and most mixed law jurisdictions solely require a meeting of the minds between the parties. Within the overarching category of civil law jurisdictions, there are several distinct varieties of contract law with their own distinct criteria: the German tradition is characterised by the unique doctrine of abstraction, systems based on the Napoleonic Code are characterised by their systematic distinction between different types of contracts, and Roman-Dutch law is largely based on the writings of renaissance era Dutch jurists and case law applying general principles of Roman law prior to the Netherlands' adoption of the Napoleonic Code. The majority of Southern Africa uses a mixed law system under which private law, including contract law, is largely drawn from Roman-Dutch law while public law is drawn from English common law, while several former British colonies which were previously French apply a system in which private law is drawn from the French legal tradition.
The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, published in 2016, aim to provide a general harmonised framework for international contracts independent of the divergences between national laws as well as a statement of common contractual principles for arbitrators and judges to apply where national laws are lacking. Notably, the Principles reject the doctrine of consideration, under the grounds that the elimination of the doctrine "can only bring about greater certainty and reduce litigation" in international trade. The principles also reject the abstraction principle integral to German law on the grounds that it and similar doctrines are "not easily compatible with modern business perceptions and practice".Contract law can be contrasted with tort law (also referred to in some but not all civil and mixed jurisdictions as the law of delicts), the other major area of the law of obligations. While tort law generally deals with private duties and obligations that exist by operation of law and provide remedies for civil wrongs committed between individuals not in a pre-existing legal relationship, contract law provides for the creation and enforcement of duties and obligations created by a prior agreement between parties. The emergence of quasi-contracts, quasi-torts, and quasi-delicts renders the boundary between tort and contract law somewhat uncertain. Other areas of the law of obligations which are occasionally treated as separate from both contract and tort law include the law of unjust enrichment.

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  1. A

    URGENT Sub contract vs employed (newly qualified)

    Hi I've recently qualified as a gas engineer , for the time i was training at the college , i was working as a apprentice for about 6 months. For these 6 months i was assisting on many types of jobs including basic plumbing jobs like gas runs, taps and toilet installs but majority focused on...
  2. B

    Condensation on underside of Ariston Contract STI 150 Indirect Protect

    Hi guys - I have recently noticed that when the hot water is switched on I'm getting a little moisture on the underside of my Ariston Contract STI 150 Indirect Protect (one or two drips on the carpet under the unit after the hot water has been on for 20-25mins). When the hot water is not...
  3. P

    Contract for Trainee Gas Safe Engineer

    Hi All, I am going to pay to put for one of my guys to be put through his Gas safe MLP course. Its a lot of investment for us and as such we will be drawing up a contract to say that if he leaves before X amount of time then he has to pay the course fees back. Question - what do you think is...
  4. R

    Boiler service contract

    Hi all, I have my own business and am looking to go into selling boiler cover where I'd charge on a monthly basis. Like BG or Homeserve but on a much smaller scale. Has anyone on here tried this? Any advise would be appreciated Thanks Raj
  5. R

    Package Sewage Treatment plant maintenance contract.

    Hi all, Sorry if this is in the wrong place. I’m after some advice/information about the above. Does anyone have one of these or offers this service? What sort of contract do you offer/have. Are call outs charged separately. Does the company charge mileage. I’m looking at starting to offer...
  6. Gasmk1

    Gas Safe retains contract

    I see gas safe have retained the contract is this good or bad.
  7. G

    Powerflushing and contract warrenty

    A major household company has asked for £1100 to powerflush a neighbours boiler. If they refuse and the breakdown call out is because of system sludge they may charge in full instead of covering it under the monthly contract. If I power flush the system for £300 the contract company can still...
  8. P

    contract vans................

    Does anyone contract hire there vans ?if so were from? looking at costs instead of buying.
  9. G

    Securing sub contract work

    Hi guys I am recently trained and Gas Safe Registered. I am currently trying to build clientele for Gas Safety Certs and PAT testing. Thinking of going it alone (currently dual fuel meter fitting but it's a slog at my age and having been self employed for 20 years in various guises it's hard...
  10. G

    Sub contract from Homeserve?

    Hi guys I was just wondering if any of you had subbied from Homeserve and if so how did you find it?
  11. A

    UK Total maintenance servicing contract - Anyone heard of them

    Hello to you all, Apologies if not in the correct forum but thought its worth putting around in the private forum. It's not strictly a proper gas work query but is still linked in a looser sense to gas work. The company have offered me a potential servicing contract on 500 LLGSC's...
  12. Eyespy999

    Powerflush customer contract / discalimer

    Evening guys, I am starting to get some business for my flushing kit, could anyone assist with a link to a contract / disclaimer / literature I can use for my customers please? May not be in the correct place for this advice so I apologise in advance. Many thanks
  13. R

    British Gas contract servicing work,

    British Gas contract servicing work, anyone on this board working for them as a contractor that would like to tell me what there opinion is? Have ther induction in two weeks.
  14. H

    Sub contract

    Hi Guys I'm not sure if this is already running on here, so apologies if this the case. Can we get responses on certain companies if anyone has had dealings/experience with that named company....so as to have a better heads up if to go ahead with work. I have had a call from Alpha UK Group...
  15. R

    one working forman,Plumbers and plumbers mates needed manchester 3 year contract

    I am new to the forum so please bare with me. The london based M+E contractor that i am contracting to are looking for Plumbers and plumbers mates to work on our site in cheadle south manchester the job is converting the iconic old barnes hospital into contemporary apartments and building new...
  16. A

    Central heating sometimes not restarting

    Potterton Suprima 40 about 14 years old Over the last month or so I have occasionally had to restart my central heating (red light on control panel flashing) via the restart button but during the last week it has happened more regular and I have had to restart it four times . Anyone have...
  17. R

    contract opportunity...gym in notts

    i have a new fitness center build to the east of nottingham close to the 'A46' that requires 8 showers installing (min) and possible an unvented supply to provide the h/w. (not sure on heating!) its a friend and neighbor of mine so genuine lead. not my cup of tea though! needs doing in january...
  18. P

    Multifuel boilers contract installer in Norwich area

    Hello, We are new company on the UK market which is importing multifuel boilers from Poland. We don't sell much yet, but we slowly growing. Many customers asking us to install these boilers for additional price, but we haven't got installer here in UK. We are looking for someone who will be...
  19. N

    Anyone fit or know anyone on a metering contract

    Had a big meeting with a company and Ive been offered a contract to fit them and am undecided as the unit price seems low considering the usual vehicle running costs and other typical encumbrances. Does annyone know anyone whos doing them and how many a day they get fed/do. Just number...
  20. N

    Any contract meter fitters

    Just wondering how it pays on a self employed basis Maybe an opportunity for me coming up contracting doing it. Still keep my own ticket and allowed to pick work up with no probs or conflict of interest.
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